Notes about Prometheus & Grafana

Installation

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• Prometheus & the related components (eg: pushgateway, blackbox_exporter, alertmanager) - scrape engine - it’s better to look at the README.md and Dockerfile on their github repo to get the information about the docker setup

• Grafana - for visualization; drawing graphs

• Node Exporter (via package manager) - Centos7 (need epel repo); Ubuntu20.04 - monitor VM’s states

• cAdvisor - monitor docker host’s states

• Others exporters

• kube-prometheus-stack (eks) - included grafana and prometheus

References

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• docker-compose.yml for prometheus and node exporter
• grafana.ini
• prometheus.yml
• alertmanager.yml
• web-config.yml - tls and basic auth settings - pass --web.config.file when starting the binary. This works on any prometheus related products eg: prometheus, node_exporter, alertmanager
• prometheus query functions

Grafana Dashboards

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• cadvisor
• node-exporter

Prometheus

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• Customise the storage config
• Setup an alert
• Setup federation - a primary prometheus will work as an aggregator to collect metrics from other prometheus instances. This can reduce the loading on a single prometheus server.
• Setup recording rules
• Setup node-exporter with push gatewaty - but this isn’t recommended. The reasons are in here
• Snapshot (backup)
• EC2 host discovery - use for dynamically adding the ec2 instances as the scrape targets

Thanos

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To archive the HA, third-party solutions like thanos will be needed.

These two articles are very good introduction of the concept of thanos

• Deep Dive into Thanos-Part I
• Deep Dive into Thanos-Part II

Also, there is a hand-on lab provided by killercoda which is recommended by thanos

This shows the architecture of thanos.

The thanos gateway works as a proxy on each prometheus instance (sidecar) to communicate to other thanos components. Also, data can be optionally saved to object stores (like aws s3 / mino) for long-term storage as well.

Queries will add an additional layer to the system. Instead of obtaining the data directly from prometheus, the client (grafana / end user) will now talk to the thanos querier instead. The queries will

• deduplicate the data they get from the replicas
• combine the data from the long term object store and shards

Thus, with the queries, prometheus instances can logically group into different shards / replicas.

Grafana

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• Provision dashboards and Data sources
• But we can’t provision the users, orgs, alerts
• Add prometheus to grafana
• Import or export a dashboard
• Backup grafana
• Create repeated row / panel
• Instead of creating a field overriding, we can choose the series color quickly by just clicking the color bar next to the series
• HA in Grafana - setup database as a backend to share the persistent data